Perisztaltikus

Perisztaltikus is the Hungarian term for peristaltic, describing the wave-like, coordinated muscle contractions that propel contents through hollow organs such as the gastrointestinal tract. This motility pattern is a fundamental feature of many vertebrate and invertebrate systems and is also referenced in medical devices that simulate or utilize the same motion.

Physiology and mechanism. Peristalsis results from the coordinated activity of smooth muscle layers controlled by the enteric nervous system, including the myenteric (Auerbach) and submucosal (Meissner) plexuses. Pacemaker cells, such as interstitial cells of Cajal, help set the rhythmicity. A typical peristaltic sequence involves a contraction of circular muscle behind the contents (to push forward) and relaxation ahead of them, assisted by longitudinal shortening. This wave travels along the organ, combining propulsion with mixing and lubrication, depending on the region and physiological state.

Occurrence and context. Peristaltic contractions occur along much of the digestive tract: in the esophagus to transport the swallowed bolus, in the stomach to mix and move chyme, and throughout the small and large intestines to advance contents. Peristalsis is distinct from segmentation, another GI motility pattern that primarily mixes rather than propels. Peristaltic activity can be modulated by autonomic inputs, hormones, and local neural reflexes, and may be altered in motility disorders.

Clinical relevance. Impairment or disruption of peristalsis can lead to symptoms such as dysphagia, gastroparesis, ileus, or chronic constipation. Diagnostic tools like esophageal manometry and intestinal motility studies assess peristaltic function, guiding management and treatment.

Other uses. The term also applies to peristaltic pumps, devices that move fluids by repeatedly compressing a flexible tubing, enabling sterile and contamination-free fluid handling in medical and laboratory settings.