Periodontalen

Periodontalen is a term that refers to conditions affecting the periodontium, which is the specialized group of tissues that surround and support the teeth. These tissues include the gums (gingiva), the periodontal ligament, the cementum, and the alveolar bone. Diseases of the periodontium are collectively known as periodontal diseases. The most common form of periodontal disease is periodontitis, a serious infection that injures the soft tissues and destroys the bone that supports the teeth. Gingivitis is an earlier, milder form of periodontal disease that causes inflammation of the gums.

Periodontal diseases are primarily caused by bacteria that are present in plaque, a sticky film that constantly forms on the teeth. If plaque is not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it can harden into calculus, also known as tartar. Calculus can further irritate the gums and provide a larger surface area for bacterial growth. Factors that can increase the risk of developing periodontal disease include smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, genetics, certain medications, and poor oral hygiene.

Symptoms of periodontal disease can range from mild to severe. Early signs often include red, swollen, or bleeding gums, particularly during brushing or flossing. As the disease progresses, gums may begin to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets. This can lead to loose teeth, changes in bite, and eventually tooth loss. Diagnosis is typically made by a dentist during a regular check-up, which involves examining the gums and measuring the depth of the pockets around the teeth. Treatment aims to control the infection, stop the progression of the disease, and restore the health of the periodontium.