Pentanenitrile

Pentanenitrile, also known as valeronitrile, is an organic compound with the formula C5H9N. It is a straight-chain nitrile consisting of a nitrile group (-C≡N) attached to a pentyl chain, typically drawn as CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CN. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and is soluble in many organic solvents but only sparingly soluble in water.

Synthesis and occurrence

Pentanenitrile is produced commercially by hydrocyanation of 1-pentene in the presence of suitable catalysts. It can also be obtained or converted via other nitrile-forming routes from valeric derivatives. It serves as a general building block in organic synthesis.

Reactions and applications

As a nitrile, pentanenitrile participates in standard nitrile chemistry. It can be hydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions to yield valeric (pentanoic) acid, or reduced to give pentylamine. Through various transformations, it serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances, and other organic compounds. Its relatively simple structure makes it a convenient precursor for valeric acid derivatives and related tools in chemical synthesis.

Safety and handling

Pentanenitrile, like other nitriles, can be hazardous. It may irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract, and certain processes can release poisonous cyanide species under specific conditions. Proper ventilation, handling protocols, and protective equipment are recommended when working with this compound.

See also

Valeronitrile and related alkyl nitriles.