Peltonturbiinit

Peltonturbiinit, also known as impulse turbines, are a type of water turbine used to harness the energy of flowing water. They are particularly well-suited for high-head applications, meaning they are most effective where the difference in elevation between the water source and the turbine is significant.

The fundamental principle behind a Peltonturbiini is the conversion of the water's potential energy into kinetic energy as it flows through a nozzle. This high-speed jet of water then strikes a series of buckets, or "vees," mounted on the periphery of a runner. The impact of the water jet imparts rotational momentum to the runner, causing it to spin. The buckets are designed with a splitter in the center, which divides the water jet and redirects it outwards, thereby maximizing the transfer of momentum and minimizing energy loss due to friction.

Peltonturbiinit typically consist of a casing, a nozzle with a spear valve for flow control, a runner with buckets, and a deflector for rapid shutdown. The spear valve adjusts the size of the water jet exiting the nozzle, allowing for efficient regulation of turbine speed and power output under varying flow conditions. The deflector, when activated, diverts the jet away from the buckets, quickly bringing the turbine to a halt.

These turbines are known for their robustness, simplicity of design, and high efficiency at their designed operating point. They are commonly employed in hydroelectric power plants situated in mountainous regions or where steep drops in water level are available. The ability to operate efficiently across a range of flow rates also makes them a versatile choice for many power generation scenarios.