Peltonturbiineja

Peltonturbiineja, known in English as Pelton turbines, are impulse-type water turbines used primarily for hydroelectric power generation. They are particularly well-suited for high head (the vertical distance water falls) and low flow conditions. The turbine consists of a wheel with a series of buckets mounted around its periphery. A nozzle directs a high-velocity jet of water onto these buckets, causing the wheel to rotate.

The design of the buckets is crucial. Each bucket is divided by a sharp splitter ridge that divides the water jet into two streams, which are then deflected sideways and discharged. This splitting action maximizes the transfer of momentum from the water to the turbine runner, increasing efficiency. The speed of the water jet is controlled by adjusting the nozzle aperture, which in turn regulates the turbine's power output.

Pelton turbines are renowned for their robustness and reliability. They are commonly found in mountainous regions where steep drops in elevation are available to create the necessary high heads. The simplicity of their design, compared to other turbine types like Francis or Kaplan, also contributes to their ease of maintenance and lower operating costs in suitable applications. The efficiency of a Pelton turbine is typically high, often exceeding 90% in optimal operating conditions.