Pecsét

Pecsét is a seal or stamp used to authenticate documents, mark ownership, or secure correspondence. The term covers devices pressed into a material such as wax or paper, including seal matrices, signet rings, and rubber or metal stamps. The purpose is to leave a unique, verifiable impression that signifies authority or provenance.

Historically, seals have played a central role in administration, law, and commerce. An engraved matrix would be used to press into hot wax to create an impression or directly mark a surface. Seals varied by purpose and institution, including state and municipal seals, ecclesiastical seals, notary seals, and personal signets. Materials ranged from metal and stone to glass, often featuring heraldic devices, inscriptions, or emblems that identified the issuer.

In modern practice, seals continue to function in ceremonial or legal contexts, though digital authentication and electronic signatures have reduced reliance on physical seals for everyday use. Official bodies may retain a seal for formal acts or archival purposes, while corporations may maintain a corporate seal primarily for ceremonial or historical reasons. Wax seals remain popular in formal invitations, certificates, or traditional ceremonies, and are also collected as part of philately and heraldry. The concept of a pecsét thus spans practical authentication, historical tradition, and contemporary ceremonial uses.