PeakPower

Peak power is a term used in engineering to describe the maximum instantaneous power that a device, component, or system can deliver under specified conditions. It is typically higher than the continuous or rated power and is limited by factors such as thermal capacity, supply voltage, and load impedance. Unlike average power, which reflects energy delivered over a period, peak power indicates a short-term capability and may be reached only at certain moments.

In electrical and electronic contexts, power is the product of voltage and current, P = V × I, with real power in AC systems depending on phase angle. Peak power often refers to the highest instantaneous value during transient events, short pulses, or bursts. For devices operating with alternating current, peak values can differ from rms or average values, and many specifications quote peak power for short duty cycles.

Applications vary by domain. In audio, amplifiers are often labeled with peak power and RMS (continuous) power, with peak power exceeding the sustained rating during transient musical transients. In radio frequency, peak envelope power describes the maximum instantaneous RF power during a pulse, while average power considers the duty cycle. In energy storage and electric machines, peak power indicates the maximum power available during brief accelerations or discharge events, limited by internal resistance and thermal rise.

Designers use peak power ratings to ensure systems can meet short-term demands without overheating or damage, while recognizing that sustained operation at or near peak power is typically not feasible.