Patternsincluding

Patternsincluding is a term encountered in data mining and pattern recognition used to describe patterns that contain a specified set of elements. Although not a formal technical term with wide scholarly use, it appears in informal discussions, algorithm notes, and user documentation to emphasize an inclusion constraint in pattern generation or filtering.

Formally, if U is the universe of items or features, a pattern p is said to include a subset I if I is a subset of the items present in p, i.e., I ⊆ items(p). The inclusion constraint can be used alone or in combination with other constraints such as minimum support, pattern length, or negative constraints. In practice, one can either filter a set of discovered patterns to retain only those that include I, or integrate the constraint into the mining process to prune search space early.

Applications of patterns including a specified set I appear across domains. In market basket analysis, researchers may seek patterns including a particular product or group of products to study co-purchasing behavior. In text mining, one might look for patterns including a given set of keywords. In bioinformatics, inclusion constraints help identify motif patterns that must contain certain core elements.

Notes and usage: patternsincluding is largely informal and may be described more precisely as “patterns that include I” or “inclusion constraints.” When writing formally, researchers typically spell out the inclusion requirement rather than using the concatenated term. See also pattern mining, constrained mining, and frequent itemsets.