Pasywnych

Pasywnych is the genitive plural form of the Polish adjective pasywny, meaning passive. It is used to modify nouns in contexts where the noun is in the genitive plural, particularly with masculine-personal or mixed nouns. Common phrases include uczestników pasywnych (passive participants) and urządzeń pasywnych (passive devices). The form pasywnych is one of several inflected endings of pasywny: nominative singular masculine is pasywny, feminine pasywna, neuter pasywne; plural forms include pasywni (masculine personal), pasywne (feminine and neuter), and pasywnych (genitive plural). In practice, pasywnych appears whenever the adjective must agree with a plural noun in genitive.

In linguistics, pasywny is used to describe the passive voice (strona bierna) and related passive forms of verbs. When used in this sense, the adjective labels grammatical constructions that do not perform the action themselves but are acted upon by someone or something else. Examples include formy pasywne czasownika (passive forms of a verb) and konstrukcje w stronie biernej.

In other domains, the term appears in phrases referring to non-active components or elements. In electronics and engineering, one speaks of elementy pasywne (passive components), such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, which do not require external power to operate, contrasting with active components.

Etymologically, pasywny derives from Latin passivus, via older European language paths. The form pasywnych functions primarily as a grammatical inflection rather than a standalone lexical item.