Paritní

Paritní is a term often encountered in the context of parity bits, which are used in digital communication and data storage for error detection. A parity bit is an extra bit added to a block of binary data to ensure that the total number of one-bits in the block is either even or odd. This is known as even parity or odd parity, respectively.

In even parity, the parity bit is set to 0 if the number of one-bits in the data is already even. If the number of one-bits is odd, the parity bit is set to 1 to make the total count even. Conversely, in odd parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of one-bits is even, and 0 if it is odd, ensuring an odd total count of one-bits.

When data is transmitted or stored, the receiving system can re-calculate the parity based on the received data bits. By comparing the calculated parity with the received parity bit, the system can detect if a single-bit error has occurred. If the calculated parity does not match the received parity bit, it indicates that at least one bit in the data has been flipped during transmission or storage.

Parity checking is a simple and efficient method for detecting single-bit errors. However, it is not capable of correcting errors or detecting multiple-bit errors. More sophisticated error detection and correction codes, such as Hamming codes or Reed-Solomon codes, are used when higher reliability is required. The concept of "paritní" is fundamentally tied to this mechanism of ensuring a specific parity in data for error detection purposes.