Paraneoplastisen

Paraneoplastic refers to a set of rare disorders that occur in people with cancer. These conditions are caused by the immune system's reaction to a tumor, where it mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the nervous system, skin, endocrine system, or other organs. Paraneoplastic syndromes are not directly caused by the cancer itself or by metastasis, but rather by substances produced by the tumor or by the body's immune response to the tumor.

Symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes can vary widely depending on which part of the body is affected. Neurological symptoms are common and can include problems with coordination, memory loss, mood changes, seizures, or difficulty swallowing. Skin manifestations might involve rashes, itching, or increased hair growth. Endocrine effects can lead to hormone imbalances.

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific laboratory tests to detect antibodies associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Imaging studies may also be used to identify the underlying tumor. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms of the paraneoplastic syndrome and, most importantly, treating the primary cancer. Immunosuppressive therapies may be used to calm the immune system's overreaction. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by these complex conditions.