Parandanud

Parandanud is the past active participle of the Estonian verb parandama, which means "to repair," "to correct," or "to amend." As a form, parandanud is used in compound perfect and pluperfect tenses together with the auxiliary verb olema ("to be") and can function adjectivally to describe a completed action.

In syntax and morphology, parandanud is formed from the verb stem paranda- plus the participial suffix -nud, a common marker for past participles in Estonian that follows the language’s vowel-harmony and phonological rules. The form appears in constructions such as "Ta on parandanud autot" ("He/she has repaired the car") and "Me olime juba parandanud" ("We had already repaired [it]"). Used attributively, it can modify nouns to indicate a state resulting from a completed action (for example, parandanud asi — "a repaired thing").

Parandanud is part of a wider system of Estonian non-finite verb forms that express aspectual and temporal relations without encoding person or number. Its use is comparable to past participle constructions in other languages that rely on auxiliary verbs to form perfect aspect. Outside linguistic description, parandanud has no separate lexical entry and is not used as an independent noun; its interpretation depends on context and the auxiliary or syntactic role it accompanies.