Paramagnetizmusról

Paramagnetizmusról is the Hungarian term for paramagnetism. Paramagnetism is a type of magnetism, a physical phenomenon in which a material is weakly attracted by an external magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic moments of the atoms in a paramagnetic material tend to align with the field. This alignment results in a net magnetic moment for the material, which is in the same direction as the applied field.

Unlike ferromagnetism, the magnetic effect in paramagnetism is relatively weak. When the external magnetic field is removed, the alignment of the atomic magnetic moments largely disappears, and the material loses its magnetism. This temporary attraction is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the atoms of the material. These unpaired electrons possess a magnetic dipole moment, and in the absence of an external field, their orientations are random. When an external magnetic field is applied, these dipole moments tend to align themselves with the field, creating a weak magnetic field within the material that reinforces the external field.

Common examples of paramagnetic materials include aluminum, platinum, oxygen, and many salts of transition metals. The strength of the paramagnetic effect can be quantified by the magnetic susceptibility, which for paramagnetic materials is positive and small. Temperature also plays a role; as temperature increases, the thermal agitation of the atoms increases, hindering the alignment of magnetic moments and thus weakening the paramagnetic effect.