Paraiodophenol

Para-iodophenol, also known as 4-iodophenol, is an aromatic organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group and an iodine atom on a benzene ring in the para position. Its chemical formula is C6H5IO and its molecular weight is approximately 219.9 g/mol. It is a halophenol and a precursor to a variety of aryl iodides and dyes.

Physical properties: It typically appears as a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid. It is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ether. It can be sensitive to light and heat, and may decompose slowly when exposed to air.

Synthesis and occurrence: Para-iodophenol is usually prepared by electrophilic iodination of phenol under controlled conditions that favor para-substitution, such as using phenoxide or specific solvent and temperature. The reaction yields a mixture of o- and p-iodophenol, with para isomer enriched by controlling reaction parameters and by subsequent separation.

Applications: It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. It can serve as a building block to prepare more complex haloaryl compounds, including through transformations like nucleophilic substitutions, diazotization routes, or cross-coupling reactions.

Safety: Like other phenols, p-iodophenol is corrosive and may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It should be handled with appropriate PPE in a well-ventilated area, stored away from strong oxidizers, and disposed of according to local regulations.