Paradigmavahetusi

Paradigmavahetusi, also known as paradigm shift, refers to a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline. This concept was popularized by Thomas Kuhn in his 1962 book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." Kuhn argued that scientific progress is not a steady accumulation of knowledge, but rather a series of shifts between different paradigms.

A paradigm is a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that are widely accepted within a scientific community. When a new paradigm emerges, it challenges the existing one, leading to a paradigm shift. This process can be disruptive, as it often involves a rejection of established theories and methods.

Paradigm shifts are typically triggered by anomalies, or unexpected observations, that cannot be explained by the current paradigm. Scientists may then develop new theories and methods to account for these anomalies, leading to a new paradigm. Over time, the new paradigm may become widely accepted, replacing the old one.

Paradigm shifts are not limited to science. They can occur in other fields, such as art, philosophy, and even social movements. In each case, a paradigm shift involves a fundamental change in the basic concepts and practices of a discipline or community.