Papúa

Papúa, in Indonesian usage, refers to the western half of the island of New Guinea and to the Indonesian region that covers part of that area. It commonly denotes the geographic and cultural space that includes the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. The region borders the sovereign state of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, and the Arafura Sea and the southern coast of New Guinea to the south and west.

Geography and environment

Papúa is characterized by rugged terrain with dense rainforest, mangroves along the coast, and a series of highland ranges, including volcanic and glaciated peaks in the eastern part of the island. The central highlands host numerous indigenous communities and diverse ecosystems. The area contains protected areas such as Lorentz National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and hosts significant natural resources. The climate is tropical, with substantial rainfall and varying elevations that create a range of habitats.

People and culture

Papúa is home to hundreds of indigenous ethnic groups and languages. Traditional practices, art, music, and crafts vary widely across the region. The religious landscape is predominantly Christian, with communities retaining traditional beliefs in some areas. The cultural diversity is a defining feature of Papúa, reflected in languages, social organization, and customary laws.

Economy and governance

The economy relies on natural resources, including mining and forestry, as well as agriculture and fisheries. The Grasberg mine, one of the world’s largest copper and gold mines, is located in Papúa. Administratively, Papúa comprises Indonesian provinces, with local governance structures under national law and regional autonomy arrangements. The region has experienced political and social tensions related to autonomy and development, which continue to shape its governance.