Paneelide

Paneelide is a rare and historically significant type of Byzantine-era glassware, primarily associated with the production of glass vessels in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) during the 6th to 8th centuries AD. The name "Paneelide" originates from the Greek term *panēlia*, meaning "plate" or "dish," reflecting the flat, shallow forms often produced in this style. These artifacts are notable for their distinctive decorative techniques and the use of colored glass, often featuring intricate patterns and geometric designs.

Paneelide glassware was primarily crafted in workshops located in the eastern Mediterranean, particularly in regions such as Syria and Palestine, though some pieces have been found in other parts of the Byzantine Empire and beyond. The glass was typically blown and then cut or engraved to create intricate motifs, including floral patterns, cross designs, and abstract geometric shapes. The use of milky or opaque glass, often combined with colored inlays, was a hallmark of this style, giving the pieces a distinctive appearance.

Archaeological evidence suggests that Paneelide glassware was used for both functional and ceremonial purposes, including as tableware, religious vessels, and decorative objects. Many examples have been discovered in burial contexts, indicating their significance in funerary rituals. The craftsmanship of Paneelide glass reflects the artistic and cultural influences of the Byzantine period, blending Roman, Persian, and early Islamic artistic traditions.

Today, Paneelide glassware is highly valued by collectors and museums, offering insights into the material culture and artistic practices of the Byzantine Empire. Notable examples can be found in institutions such as the British Museum, the Louvre, and the Dumbarton Oaks Museum in Washington, D.C. The study of Paneelide glass contributes to our understanding of trade networks, religious practices, and the evolution of glassmaking techniques in the medieval Mediterranean world.