Palestína

Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a state in the Middle East. It is located in the Levant, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The state claims the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip as its territory. The State of Palestine was declared in 1988 by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). It is recognized by a majority of United Nations member states.

The history of Palestine is long and complex, with evidence of human habitation dating back millennia. The region has been a crossroads for various civilizations and empires, including the ancient Canaanites, Israelites, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, and Ottomans. It was part of the British Mandate for Palestine after World War I.

The modern Israeli-Palestinian conflict has its roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, stemming from competing nationalist aspirations of Jewish and Arab populations in the region. Following the UN Partition Plan in 1947, which proposed separate Arab and Jewish states, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War resulted in the establishment of Israel and the displacement of a significant portion of the Palestinian Arab population. Subsequent conflicts, notably the Six-Day War in 1967, led to Israel's occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip.

Palestinians aspire to establish an independent state in these territories. Peace negotiations have been ongoing for decades, seeking a resolution that addresses issues such as borders, security, settlements, and the status of Jerusalem and refugees. The political landscape is divided, with the Palestinian Authority governing parts of the West Bank and Hamas controlling the Gaza Strip. The geopolitical situation remains highly sensitive and a significant focus of international diplomacy.