Pagans

Pagans is an umbrella term used to describe adherents of various polytheistic, nature-based, or earth-centered spiritual paths. Historically, the word comes from Latin paganus, meaning country dweller, and in Roman and later Christian usage it described people who worshipped gods other than the Christian God. In contemporary contexts, “Pagan” often designates practitioners of Neopaganism, including both reconstructed traditions and modern, eclectic spiritualities that honor deities, spirits, or the sacred in nature.

Traditional Paganism encompassed the polytheistic beliefs of ancient cultures such as Greece, Rome, and the Norse and Celtic peoples, among others. After the spread of Christianity in Europe, many of these practices persisted in isolated forms or were revived in modern times. The term also extends to indigenous and folk spiritualities beyond Europe when discussed in a broader sense, though its use can vary by region and culture.

Beliefs and practices among Pagans are diverse. Many adopt polytheism or pantheism, reverence for nature or ancestor spirits, and ritual experiences that emphasize direct connection with the sacred. Rituals often align with seasonal cycles or festivals, use ritual tools or altars, and may include music, dance, feasting, divination, and magic. Ethical frameworks vary widely, with some traditions emphasizing harm-none ethics, personal responsibility, or communal service.

Modern Paganism includes movements such as Wicca, Druidry, Hellenic Reconstructionism, Heathenry, and various Celtic, Slavic, and African diasporic paths. Many Pagans observe a Wheel of the Year or other seasonal calendars and emphasize experiential spirituality, autonomy, and adaptability to contemporary life. The Pagan landscape is diverse, with a broad range of practices and beliefs coexisting under the shared identification with Paganism.