PIDalgoritme

The PID algorithm, short for Proportional-Integral-Derivative control, is a widely used control loop feedback mechanism in industrial control systems and many other applications requiring continuously modulated control. It is the most common type of feedback controller. The algorithm works by calculating an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting a control output.

The PID algorithm has three distinct parameters, P, I, and D, which are used to calculate the output. The proportional (P) term produces an output proportional to the current error. The integral (I) term accumulates past errors, effectively accounting for any steady-state error that the P term alone might not eliminate. The derivative (D) term anticipates future errors based on the current rate of change of the error, helping to dampen oscillations and improve stability.

Tuning these three parameters – Kp, Ki, and Kd – is crucial for achieving optimal performance. An improperly tuned PID controller can lead to instability, oscillations, slow response, or overshoot. Various tuning methods exist, ranging from manual trial-and-error to more systematic approaches like Ziegler-Nichols. The PID algorithm's versatility and effectiveness have made it a cornerstone of automation and control engineering.