PI3KA
PI3KA refers to the catalytic subunit of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases, most commonly the p110α subunit encoded by the PIK3CA gene. The enzyme phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), a second messenger that activates downstream signaling through AKT and other effectors, thereby influencing cell growth, survival, metabolism, and proliferation.
In cells, PI3KA forms heterodimers with regulatory subunits of the p85 family (such as p85α, p85β) and
Biological and clinical significance of PI3KA includes its essential role in normal development and physiology, as
Therapeutically, selective inhibitors targeting PI3Kα, such as alpelisib, have been developed and approved for certain PIK3CA-mutant