PDZcontaining

PDZ-containing proteins are a class of proteins that contain a PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domain. The PDZ domain is a small, structurally conserved motif that is found in a wide variety of proteins, particularly those involved in cell signaling and synaptic transmission. The PDZ domain typically consists of about 80-100 amino acids and is characterized by a beta-sheet structure with a hydrophobic core.

PDZ domains are known for their ability to bind to specific motifs in target proteins, often involving a short sequence of hydrophobic residues. This binding specificity allows PDZ-containing proteins to interact with a diverse range of partners, facilitating the formation of protein complexes and signaling networks. PDZ domains can be found in both intracellular and membrane-associated proteins, and they play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity, cell adhesion, and cell migration.

PDZ-containing proteins are involved in numerous biological functions. For example, in the nervous system, PDZ domains are essential for the proper localization and function of ion channels and receptors at synapses. In the heart, PDZ-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of cardiac ion channels, which are critical for heart function. Additionally, PDZ domains are implicated in cancer progression, where they can modulate signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, survival, and invasion.

The study of PDZ-containing proteins has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying various physiological and pathological processes. Ongoing research continues to elucidate the roles of PDZ domains in health and disease, with the potential to develop targeted therapies for conditions such as neurological disorders and cancer.