P4S10

P4S10 is an inorganic compound with the formula P4S10, belonging to the family of phosphorus sulfides. It is typically a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid that is sensitive to moisture and air, and is prepared under dry conditions.

Structure and properties: The molecule is described as a cage-like solid composed of four phosphorus atoms and ten sulfur atoms. It is covalently bonded and tends to decompose or hydrolyze upon exposure to water or humidity. In dry conditions, it is relatively stable, but its handling requires caution due to its reactivity with moisture and potential to release hazardous gases upon hydrolysis.

Preparation and occurrence: P4S10 is prepared by the direct combination of elemental phosphorus with sulfur at elevated temperatures, followed by purification. It is not found naturally and is produced specifically for laboratory use as a reagent in inorganic and organic synthesis.

Reactions: A characteristic reaction of P4S10 is hydrolysis in water, which proceeds readily to give phosphoric acid and hydrogen sulfide: P4S10 + 16 H2O → 4 H3PO4 + 10 H2S. The compound can also undergo various sulfiding and dehydration reactions with selected nucleophiles, though these reactions are typically conducted under controlled, dry conditions.

Safety and handling: P4S10 is toxic and moisture sensitive. On contact with water or moisture, it releases hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas with a characteristic rotten-egg odor. Handling requires appropriate protective equipment and inert or dry conditions.

Applications and status: Historically, P4S10 has been used as a reagent for sulfiding transformations and as a dehydration/sulfur-transfer agent in specialized organic and inorganic syntheses. Today it remains of niche use due to handling hazards and the availability of safer alternatives.