Otoshajontaa

Otoshajontaa is a statistical term describing the dispersion or spread of values within a sample drawn from a population. It focuses on how far individual observations in the sample deviate from a central tendency measure, such as the sample mean, and it is used to express the variability observed in the data collected from a subset rather than from the whole population.

In practice, otoshajontaa is commonly quantified by the sample standard deviation and the sample variance. The sample variance is calculated as the sum of squared deviations from the sample mean, divided by n minus one, where n is the sample size. The sample standard deviation is the square root of this variance. These measures provide a sense of typical distance from the mean and help compare variability across samples or variables. Other simple indicators of dispersion, such as the range or the interquartile range, may also be described as aspects of otoshajontaa, though they respond differently to outliers and distribution shape.

Example: for a sample {2, 4, 5, 7, 10}, the mean is 5.6. The deviations from the mean are -3.6, -1.6, -0.6, 1.4, 4.4, with squared deviations summing to 37.2. The sample variance is 37.2/4 = 9.3, and the sample standard deviation is about 3.06. The range is 8.

Otoshajontaa differs from population dispersion, which describes variability in the entire population. As samples are used to estimate population characteristics, otoshajontaa informs about data spread within the collected sample and, indirectly, about the precision of inferences drawn from it.

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