Ostfriesland

Ostfriesland, or East Frisia, is a historic region in the northwestern part of Germany. It lies on the North Sea coast in the state of Lower Saxony and includes the East Frisian Islands such as Norderney, Juist, Borkum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog. The region’s largest urban center is Emden, with other important towns including Aurich, Leer and Wittmund.

Geography and landscape: The area is low-lying and defined by tidal flats, dunes and dikes. Much of the coast is part of the UNESCO-listed Wadden Sea, a site important for birdlife and mudflat ecosystems. The East Frisian Islands are reachable by ferries and attract visitors during the warmer months, contributing to the regional economy and culture.

History and administration: Ostfriesland is a historic and cultural region that was once the Grafschaft (county) of East Frisia. It came under Prussian rule in the 18th century and is now part of the state of Lower Saxony. It does not correspond to a single administrative district; instead it overlaps several municipalities and districts, with Emden playing a major urban role.

Culture and language: The region is known for a distinctive tea culture and maritime heritage. Frisian linguistic influences persist, including Saterland Frisian spoken in the Saterland area, alongside East Frisian Low German dialects. Traditional architecture features thatched houses, windmills and dikes, reflecting a long association with the sea and land reclamation.

Economy and tourism: Traditional economic activities include fishing, shipping and dairy farming. In recent decades tourism, especially on the islands and along the coast, has become increasingly important. Offshore and onshore wind energy also contribute to the modern economy, alongside port activity in Emden and other towns.