Osteolathyrism

Osteolathyrism is a disease caused by the consumption of certain legumes, most notably seeds of the genus Lathyrus, which contain compounds that disrupt collagen cross-linking. Specifically, these compounds, known as lathyrogens, interfere with the enzyme lysyl oxidase, which is crucial for the formation of strong collagen fibers. This leads to a characteristic set of symptoms affecting connective tissues throughout the body, particularly bones and blood vessels.

The primary manifestations of osteolathyrism include skeletal deformities, such as kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis, as well as bone fragility and increased susceptibility to fractures. There can also be abnormalities in the skin, such as thinning and increased elasticity. In severe cases, vascular complications can arise, including aortic aneurysms and dissecting hematomas, due to the weakened structure of blood vessel walls.

Historically, osteolathyrism has been observed in populations relying heavily on Lathyrus seeds for sustenance, particularly during times of famine. The condition is reversible to some extent if the offending legumes are removed from the diet. However, severe or long-standing cases can result in permanent damage. Research into the mechanisms of osteolathyrism has provided valuable insights into the importance of collagen cross-linking for tissue integrity and has contributed to our understanding of various connective tissue disorders. Treatment primarily involves dietary modification to eliminate the source of the lathyrogens.