Orrnyálkahártyasorvadás

Orrnyálkahártyasorvadás, also known as atrophic rhinitis, is a chronic condition characterized by the thinning and drying of the nasal mucosa. This thinning leads to the formation of a hard, crusty mucus that can be difficult to dislodge. The nasal passages may also widen due to the atrophy of the turbinates, the bony structures within the nose that humidify and filter air.

The exact cause of atrophic rhinitis is not always clear, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These can include chronic inflammation, autoimmune processes, genetic predisposition, and nutritional deficiencies. Certain medical procedures, such as extensive nasal surgery or radiation therapy to the nasal area, can also increase the risk. Bacterial infections are often associated with the condition, particularly Klebsiella ozaenae, which is thought to play a significant role in the more severe forms.

Symptoms of orrnyálkahártyasorvadás typically include a persistent stuffy nose, thick and foul-smelling nasal discharge, and the formation of large crusts. Patients may also experience recurrent nosebleeds, a reduced sense of smell or complete loss of smell (anosmia), and a sensation of dryness or burning in the nose. The foul odor associated with the crusts can be noticeable to others, leading to significant psychological distress for the patient. In some cases, the condition can also affect the sinuses and lead to secondary infections. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical examination, nasal endoscopy, and sometimes imaging studies. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent infection, and improve the quality of life. This may involve nasal irrigation, topical medications, and in some instances, surgical interventions.