Opsonizált

Opsonizált is a Hungarian term that translates to "opsonized" in English. It refers to a process in immunology whereby pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or other foreign particles are marked for destruction by the immune system. The process involves the coating of these pathogens with specific proteins known as opsonins, which enhance their recognition and ingestion by phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils.

Opsonins primarily include antibodies (immunoglobulins) and components of the complement system, notably C3b. When a pathogen becomes opsonized, its surface is decorated with these molecules, facilitating increased binding affinity for receptors on phagocytes. This interaction promotes more efficient phagocytosis, leading to the destruction of the pathogen within immune cells.

The process of opsonization is crucial for effective immune defense, especially against encapsulated bacteria that are normally resistant to phagocytosis. It also plays a role in the immune response to various infections and in the clearance of apoptotic cells. The term opsonizált is commonly used in medical and biological contexts to describe pathogens or particles that have undergone this coating process.

In summary, opszonizált describes a state where foreign particles are coated with opsonins, thereby enhancing their recognition and elimination by the immune system. This process is a vital component of innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to overall immune efficiency and pathogen clearance.