Oprelvekin

Oprelvekin is a recombinant human interleukin-11 (IL-11) that acts as a thrombopoietic growth factor. It is a protein that stimulates the production of platelets in the bone marrow. Oprelvekin is administered subcutaneously and is used to reduce the incidence of severe thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) and the need for platelet transfusions in patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. It is a synthetic form of a naturally occurring cytokine.

The mechanism of action of oprelvekin involves binding to specific receptors on megakaryocyte progenitor cells, leading to their proliferation and differentiation into mature platelets. By increasing the platelet count, oprelvekin helps to mitigate the risk of bleeding complications associated with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. The dosage and duration of treatment are determined by the patient's chemotherapy regimen and platelet count.

Common side effects associated with oprelvekin therapy include fluid retention, peripheral edema, dyspnea, arrhythmias, and conjunctival reactions. More serious adverse events can occur, including fluid overload, cardiac complications, and allergic reactions. Close monitoring of patients during treatment is essential to manage potential side effects and ensure efficacy. Oprelvekin is not recommended for patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.