Onobrychis

Onobrychis is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. Commonly known as sainfoins, these plants are native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. The genus includes approximately 150 species, many of which are important forage crops. Sainfoins are herbaceous perennials, though some species can be annuals. They typically feature pinnately compound leaves and produce dense spikes of showy flowers, usually pink, purple, or white.

The most well-known species is Onobrychis viciifolia, common sainfoin or esparsette. This plant has a long history of cultivation as a fodder crop due to its high nutritional value, digestibility, and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, enriching the soil. It is less prone to causing bloat in livestock compared to other legumes like alfalfa. Other notable species include Onobrychis montana and Onobrychis arenaria, which also have agricultural uses or are found in wild habitats.

Sainfoins are adapted to a range of soil types but generally prefer well-drained soils. They are often found in meadows, pastures, and on dry, sunny slopes. Their ecological role includes providing food and habitat for various insects, including pollinators. Historically, sainfoin has been valued not only for animal feed but also for its potential to improve soil fertility and prevent erosion.