Onkologische

Onkologische is the Dutch adjective used to describe oncology, the medical field that studies and treats cancer. In English this corresponds to "oncological." The field covers prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care for malignant diseases.

Care teams are typically multidisciplinary, combining medical, surgical, and radiation oncology with pathology, radiology, and supportive care. Key steps include initial assessment, diagnostic biopsy when appropriate, and staging to determine prognosis and treatment options.

Treatment aims vary by cancer type and stage. Common modalities include surgery to remove tumors, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy. More recently, precision medicine and personalized regimens are guided by molecular profiling. Palliative care focuses on symptom control and quality of life throughout the disease course.

Prevention and early detection reduce cancer burden. Risk factors include tobacco use, unhealthy diet, infections, and environmental exposures. Screening programs such as mammography, colonoscopy, and cervical cancer testing help detect cancer at a more treatable stage.

Research in onkologische care involves clinical trials, epidemiology, and health services to improve survival, reduce toxicity, and increase access to care. Ethical considerations and guidelines aim to balance benefit and risk for patients and communities.