Omphalit

Omphalitis is an inflammatory condition primarily affecting the umbilical region, often seen in newborns and infants. It is characterized by infection or inflammation around the umbilical stump, which can manifest as redness, swelling, discharge, or foul odor. The condition may be mild, requiring only local care, or severe, necessitating medical intervention due to the risk of systemic complications.

Causes of omphalitis include bacterial infections, such as *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Escherichia coli*, or *Group B Streptococcus*, which can be acquired during delivery, through contaminated equipment, or from environmental exposure. In some cases, the infection may stem from underlying conditions like congenital anomalies or weakened immune responses. Poor wound care after umbilical cord separation can also increase susceptibility.

Symptoms typically begin shortly after birth, with localized signs such as redness extending beyond the cord stump, excessive discharge (which may be yellow, green, or foul-smelling), and tenderness. In severe cases, systemic symptoms like fever, lethargy, or poor feeding may indicate a more advanced infection requiring hospitalization. Untreated omphalitis can lead to complications such as umbilical abscesses, cellulitis, or even sepsis, particularly in premature infants.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on visual examination and symptoms, though laboratory tests may confirm bacterial presence. Treatment varies: mild cases may resolve with proper hygiene and topical antibiotics, while severe infections require oral or intravenous antibiotics. In rare instances, surgical intervention may be needed to drain abscesses or remove necrotic tissue.

Prevention focuses on maintaining cleanliness of the umbilical region, ensuring proper cord care, and avoiding contact with contaminated surfaces. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent complications and ensure a healthy recovery.