Omandiviisid

Omandiviisid is a term used in Estonian property law to describe the different forms in which property rights can be held and exercised. The concept helps distinguish how ownership is allocated, used, and transferred, and it underpins legal rules related to possession, use, and disposition of assets.

Common forms of omandiviisid include private ownership, state or public ownership, corporate ownership, and various forms of co-ownership. Private ownership grants exclusive control to an individual or a private entity, while state ownership places property under the control of public authorities for common or state purposes. Corporate ownership is held by a legal entity such as a company. Co-ownership involves two or more holders sharing ownership rights, with arrangements for management and the division of benefits. In addition, usufruct rights, leaseholds, and other limited-use arrangements may accompany ownership forms, restricting or extending how property is used without transferring full ownership.

Omandiviisid influence everyday legal and economic activities by shaping the possibilities for buying, selling, inheriting, taxing, and expropriating property. They determine who may use, manage, or benefit from a property and under what conditions, as well as the responsibilities for maintenance and compliance with legal obligations.

In Estonia, the concept aligns with civil law and property registrations, and forms of ownership are typically recorded in land and property registers to ensure clarity and security in transactions. See also property law, real property, and land register practices.