Oksüdatsioonistaadiumite

Oksüdatsioonistaadiumite is the Estonian term for oxidation states. An oxidation state, also known as an oxidation number, is a number assigned to an atom in a molecule or ion that represents the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of that atom. It is a hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.

The rules for assigning oxidation states are as follows: In elemental form, the oxidation state of an atom is zero. For a monatomic ion, the oxidation state is equal to its charge. In compounds, fluorine always has an oxidation state of -1. Oxygen usually has an oxidation state of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1 and in compounds with fluorine where it is positive. Hydrogen typically has an oxidation state of +1 when bonded to nonmetals and -1 when bonded to metals. The sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in a neutral molecule is zero, and in a polyatomic ion, it is equal to the charge of the ion.

Oxidation states are a useful tool for predicting the products of redox reactions and for understanding the bonding in chemical compounds. They help in balancing chemical equations and in determining which species are oxidized (lose electrons, increase oxidation state) and which are reduced (gain electrons, decrease oxidation state).