Oksima

Oksima is a chemical compound with the formula R1R2C=NOH. It is formed by the reaction of a ketone or aldehyde with hydroxylamine. The structure of an oksima features a carbon-nitrogen double bond, where the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). This functional group is characteristic of oksimas. Oksimas can exist as E and Z isomers due to the restricted rotation around the carbon-nitrogen double bond. The synthesis of oksimas is a common organic reaction, often used as a method for identifying and characterizing aldehydes and ketones.

The properties of oksimas vary depending on the specific R1 and R2 groups attached to the carbon atom. Many are crystalline solids, but some can be liquids. Oksimas are generally stable compounds, though they can undergo various reactions. One notable reaction is the Beckmann rearrangement, where oksimas are converted into amides under acidic conditions. This rearrangement is a significant transformation in organic synthesis. Oksimas also find applications in medicine, for instance, as components in certain drugs. They are also used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic molecules and in analytical chemistry. The specific reactivity and applications are highly dependent on the substituents present.