Odpornymi

Odpornymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish adjective odporny, meaning resistant or immune. It functions as a declined form used to modify nouns in the instrumental case, typically referring to multiple objects or subjects described as resistant to a factor or condition. The related base forms are odporny (masculine singular; “resistant”), odporna (feminine singular; “resistant”), and odporne (neuter singular or plural non-masculine, “resistant”). In plural, the common nominative forms are odporni (masculine personal) and odporne (non-masculine, including feminine and neuter), while odpornymi is the instrumental plural form.

Usage and examples:

- In scientific and technical language, odpornymi is used to form phrases describing resistance in plural contexts, for example with a plural noun in instrumental case: szczepami odpornymi na antybiotyki, meaning “antibiotic-resistant strains.”

- It can appear in clauses or noun phrases where the described items are linked to a prepositional or instrumental context, such as describing materials or organisms that exhibit resistance to a given factor.

Etymology and related terms:

- odporny derives from the noun or concept of odporność, meaning resistance or immunity. The form odpornymi inherits the typical Polish adjective declension pattern, aligning with the gender and number of the noun it modifies in the instrumental plural.

See also:

- odporność (resistance/immunity)

- odporny, odporna, odporne (other gender/number forms)

Notes:

- odpornymi is not a standalone noun; it is a grammatical form used within larger phrases. Its precise meaning is determined by the noun it accompanies and the context of the sentence.