Obsolesens

Obsolesens, the Danish term for obsolescence, is the process by which a product, practice, or idea becomes outdated or no longer widely used. In English the term obsolescence expresses the same idea. The concept covers natural aging as well as deliberate changes in technology, markets, or regulations, and it can occur at the level of devices, services, or cultural practices.

Obsolescence is often categorized into several types: technological obsolescence occurs when newer technologies render older ones incompatible or inferior; functional obsolescence arises when a product no longer meets current needs; aesthetic obsolescence is driven by changing tastes; legal or regulatory obsolescence happens when laws restrict use; economic obsolescence occurs when maintenance costs exceed value. A related distinction is between planned obsolescence, where producers intentionally shorten a product’s life, and perceived obsolescence, where users feel outdated regardless of condition.

Causes include rapid innovation cycles, software end-of-life, scarcity of spare parts, and high repair costs. Effects can include increased consumer spending, waste, and environmental impact, as well as shifts in markets and employment. Critics argue that obsolescence drives unsustainable consumption, while supporters say it enables progress and economic growth.

Responses involve product design for durability and repairability, modular systems, take-back and recycling programs, and policies promoting the circular economy and the right to repair. Etymology traces to Latin obsolescere, meaning “to grow old or fall into disuse.”