Objektiive

Objektiive is a term used in several languages to refer to two main concepts: optical objective lenses and the objectives of plans or studies. In optics, the objective (or objektiv) is the lens or lens assembly closest to the object being observed, forming the primary image. The plural "objectives" is used when discussing a set of lenses with different magnifications, focal lengths, or numerical apertures. Objectives are characterized by focal length, numerical aperture, resolution, and coatings, and they are designed to correct aberrations for sharp, accurate images. In microscope and camera systems, compatibility with mounting standards and detection equipment is important.

In planning and research, "objectives" denote the desired outcomes or tasks to be achieved within a project or study. They are typically stated to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Clear objectives guide methodological choices, data collection, and evaluation, and they are often organized hierarchically from general aims to concrete, testable objectives.

Etymology and usage: the term derives from Latin objectivus and the French word objectif, with cognates appearing in many languages in slightly varied spellings. The meaning depends on domain, so context is essential to distinguish a technical "objective lens" from an abstract "objective" in planning. See also objective lens, SMART criteria, and objective (philosophy).