OAZ1

OAZ1, also known as Ornithine Decarboxylase Antizyme 1, is a protein encoded by the OAZ1 gene in humans. It plays a critical role in the regulation of polyamine biosynthesis, particularly by modulating the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme involved in the production of polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. These polyamines are essential for cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation.

The OAZ1 gene is located on chromosome 17q25.3 and is expressed in various tissues including the liver, brain, and kidney. OAZ1 functions primarily by binding to ODC, forming an inactive complex that targets ODC for degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway, a process that occurs independently of ubiquitination. This feedback mechanism helps maintain polyamine homeostasis within cells.

In addition to its role in polyamine regulation, OAZ1 is involved in cellular responses to metabolic and environmental cues. Dysregulation of OAZ1 has been linked to cancer progression, as abnormal polyamine levels can promote tumor growth. The gene and its protein product are also studied for their potential roles in cell cycle control and apoptosis.

Research on OAZ1 continues to uncover its significance in normal physiology and disease states. Due to its regulatory function, OAZ1 is considered a potential target for therapeutic intervention in conditions characterized by polyamine imbalance, such as cancer and certain metabolic disorders.