Níquelhidrógeno

Níquelhidrógeno, also known as nickel-hydrogen, is a type of rechargeable battery chemistry. It combines nickel and hydrogen as active materials. The positive electrode uses nickel oxyhydroxide, similar to nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. The negative electrode, however, is a hydrogen electrode that stores hydrogen gas within a metal hydride alloy. During discharge, nickel oxyhydroxide is reduced to nickel hydroxide, and hydrogen gas is oxidized to water. During charging, the process is reversed, with nickel hydroxide being oxidized to nickel oxyhydroxide and water being reduced to hydrogen gas, which is then absorbed by the metal hydride.

Nickel-hydrogen batteries are known for their long cycle life, high energy density, and robustness, making them suitable for demanding applications. They are particularly favored in spacecraft and satellites due to their reliability and ability to withstand extreme conditions, such as deep discharge and overcharge. A key advantage is their inherent safety, as they are less prone to thermal runaway compared to some other battery technologies. However, they generally have a lower voltage per cell and can be more expensive than other rechargeable battery types. The technology has seen significant development since its inception, with ongoing research focused on improving energy density and reducing costs.