Népességváltozás

Népességváltozás refers to the changes in the size and composition of a population over time. These changes are primarily driven by three core demographic processes: births, deaths, and migration.

Birth rates, often measured as the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year, indicate the rate at which new individuals are added to a population. Death rates, similarly measured per 1,000 people, reflect the mortality of a population. The difference between birth rates and death rates is known as natural increase or decrease.

Migration, encompassing both immigration (people moving into a population) and emigration (people moving out of a population), also significantly influences population size. Net migration, the difference between immigration and emigration, can either increase or decrease a population, depending on its balance.

The interplay of these factors determines whether a population grows, shrinks, or remains stable. Changes in age structure, sex ratios, and other demographic characteristics are also aspects of népességváltozás. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for various fields, including urban planning, resource management, healthcare, and economic forecasting. Factors influencing these processes are diverse, ranging from socioeconomic development and healthcare access to cultural norms and government policies.