Närvirakkudesse

Närvirakkudesse, commonly referred to as nerve cells or neurons, are the fundamental units of the nervous system. These specialized cells are responsible for transmitting information throughout the body through electrical and chemical signals. A typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Dendrites are branched extensions that receive signals from other neurons. The cell body, or soma, contains the nucleus and other essential organelles. The axon is a long projection that transmits signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

The communication between neurons occurs at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, an electrical signal triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, initiating a new electrical or chemical signal. This intricate network of interconnected neurons allows for complex functions such as thought, movement, sensation, and regulation of bodily processes. Neurons are highly diverse in their structure and function, playing crucial roles in everything from simple reflexes to abstract reasoning. Damage to neurons can have significant consequences, leading to a range of neurological disorders.