Náttúra

Náttúra refers to the physical world and its phenomena that are not created by human activity. It includes living organisms, minerals, landscapes, weather patterns, natural forces such as gravity and erosion, and the processes that connect them, from photosynthesis to plate tectonics. The term is used to distinguish the non-human, natural world from human-made environments or culture. In Icelandic, as in many languages, the concept also encompasses the idea of the intrinsic order of the natural world and natural laws.

Origin: The word náttúra is the Icelandic cognate of natur in other Nordic languages and is commonly traced to Latin natura, via historical linguistic development. In everyday language, it can refer broadly to nature and nature phenomena, or more narrowly to the natural environment.

In study and policy: Nature is a central focus of the natural sciences, including biology, ecology, geology, meteorology, and physics. These disciplines investigate organisms, ecosystems, climate, geology, and the processes that shape the Earth. Environmental science and conservation address human impacts, sustainability, and biodiversity preservation. Ethical and cultural considerations also shape how societies value and protect nature.

In culture and daily life: Iceland’s landscapes, biodiversity, and geothermal activity have given rise to a strong cultural association with nature, influencing outdoor recreation, literature, art, and attitudes toward conservation. Public policy often emphasizes preserving natural resources and reducing environmental footprints while balancing economic and cultural needs.