Nyálmirigyek

Nyálmirigyek are glands in the mouth that produce saliva. Saliva plays a crucial role in digestion, lubrication, and oral hygiene. There are three main pairs of major salivary glands and numerous minor salivary glands scattered throughout the oral mucosa.

The major salivary glands are the parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands. The parotid glands are the largest, located in front of and below the ears. They secrete a watery saliva rich in enzymes, primarily amylase, which begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. The submandibular glands are located beneath the floor of the mouth and produce a mixed secretion containing both enzymes and mucus. The sublingual glands, also located beneath the tongue, secrete a more viscous, mucus-heavy saliva.

Minor salivary glands are much smaller and are found in the lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue. While individually producing less saliva than the major glands, their collective contribution is significant, helping to keep the oral cavity moist.

Saliva's functions are diverse. It moistens food, aiding in swallowing and forming a bolus for easier digestion. The enzyme amylase starts the chemical digestion of starches. Saliva also contains antibacterial agents, helping to cleanse the mouth and prevent tooth decay. It facilitates taste perception by dissolving food molecules. Furthermore, saliva can buffer acids in the mouth, protecting tooth enamel. Diseases or conditions affecting salivary glands can lead to dry mouth (xerostomia), which can cause difficulties with eating, speaking, and an increased risk of dental problems.