Nyirokrák

Nyirokrák, more commonly known as lymphoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the body's immune system, consisting of lymph nodes, the spleen, the thymus gland, and bone marrow, and it plays a crucial role in fighting infection. Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow uncontrollably and form tumors.

There are two main categories of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of specific abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a broader category that encompasses all other types of lymphoma. The symptoms can vary but often include painless swelling of lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, imaging scans like CT or PET scans, and a biopsy of an affected lymph node for microscopic examination. Treatment approaches depend on the type and stage of lymphoma, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered. The prognosis for lymphoma varies significantly depending on the specific subtype and stage at diagnosis, with many forms being highly treatable.