Nyirokelzáródás

Nyirokelzáródás, also known as lymphedema, is a chronic condition characterized by the swelling of a limb or other body part, usually an arm or leg. This swelling occurs when the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and nodes that helps drain excess fluid from tissues, is damaged or blocked. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the immune system by removing waste products, toxins, and pathogens. When this system is impaired, lymph fluid can accumulate in the interstitial spaces, leading to swelling.

Causes of nyirokelzáródás are broadly categorized into primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is a rare inherited condition caused by developmental abnormalities of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymphedema is far more common and results from damage to a previously healthy lymphatic system. This damage can be caused by surgery, particularly cancer surgery involving lymph node removal, radiation therapy, infections, trauma, or tumors that obstruct lymphatic vessels.

Symptoms of nyirokelzáródás typically include a feeling of heaviness or fullness in the affected limb, tightness of the skin, and visible swelling. In later stages, the skin may become thickened, hardened, and prone to infections. The swelling is usually painless initially but can become uncomfortable and limit mobility as it progresses. Diagnosis is often made based on clinical examination and patient history. Imaging techniques like lymphoscintigraphy can help assess lymphatic function.

While nyirokelzáródás cannot be cured, it can be managed effectively to reduce swelling, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Treatment strategies include complete decongestive therapy (CDT), which combines manual lymphatic drainage (a specialized massage technique), compression therapy (bandages or garments), exercise, and meticulous skin care. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding activities that could injure the affected limb are also important. Early diagnosis and consistent management are key to controlling the condition.