Nurmikasveja

Nurmikasveja is the Estonian term for the grasses used to establish and maintain lawns and turf. In English, this group is typically referred to as lawn grasses or turf grasses. They belong mainly to the Poaceae family and are chosen for their dense growth, fine leaf texture, and ability to be kept short by regular mowing. In temperate regions the most common species include red fescue (Festuca rubra), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). These species are often used in mixtures to balance color, texture, wear tolerance, and drought resistance. Warm-season grasses are less common in northern climates but may be used in warmer areas.

Nurmikasveja form a lawn when sown on prepared soil with adequate drainage and sunlight. They require regular maintenance, including mowing to a short height, typically around 2–4 cm, consistent irrigation during dry periods, and periodic fertilization. Aeration and occasional overseeding help maintain density and reduce thatch buildup. Effective weed, pest, and disease management are important for sustaining a uniform stand.

Ecological and practical aspects: lawn grasses stabilize soil, reduce erosion, and can support urban biodiversity when managed with environmentally conscious practices. However, intensive maintenance can entail high water and chemical inputs. Practices such as reduced mowing, proper soil care, and organic fertilization are increasingly encouraged for sustainable lawns.

See also: turfgrass, fertilization, lawn management.