NullBytes

Null bytes are bytes whose value is zero, often written as 0x00. In many programming contexts, a null byte serves as a termination character for strings, most famously in the C programming language where the null character marks the end of a character array representing a string. This convention allows standard string functions to determine length and boundaries by seeking the first zero byte.

Not all languages or data models rely on a terminator. In languages that store strings with explicit lengths or that use Unicode, a null byte can appear inside data without ending the string. In such environments, the presence of a 0x00 byte is data, not a terminator, and string length is handled separately from content.

Null bytes frequently occur in binary data, files, and network protocols. They may appear as padding, as delimiters between fields, or simply as part of arbitrary binary payloads. Their interpretation depends on the context and the encoding used.

Security considerations include null byte injection, a historical vulnerability in systems that treat input as C-style strings. If an API or function improperly truncates input at a null byte, attackers can bypass checks or modify behavior. Modern languages and libraries that use explicit string lengths or safe APIs mitigate this risk, but awareness remains important when interfacing with lower-level code or legacy systems.

In representation, null bytes are non-printable and may appear in data dumps as 00. Some programming languages, such as Python, allow null bytes within byte sequences, while in C-style strings they terminate the string at the first 0x00.