Nukleosidididitidikäänteistranskriptaasien

Nukleosidididitidikäänteistranskriptaasien are a class of antiviral drugs. They are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). These drugs work by blocking the action of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is essential for retroviruses, such as HIV, to replicate their genetic material.

Reverse transcriptase converts the virus's RNA into DNA. NRTIs are prodrugs, meaning they are inactive until they are metabolized within the body. Once activated, they are incorporated into the viral DNA chain during the reverse transcription process. Because NRTIs lack a crucial chemical group needed to extend the DNA chain, they act as chain terminators, halting viral replication.

NRTIs are a cornerstone of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV infection. They are often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to prevent the development of drug resistance. Examples of common NRTIs include zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), and tenofovir. Side effects can vary depending on the specific drug but may include gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, and more serious conditions like lactic acidosis or peripheral neuropathy. They are a vital component in managing retroviral infections.