Normálforma

Normálforma, also known as normal form, is a concept in mathematics and computer science, particularly in the field of database design and logic. It refers to a standard or simplified representation of a mathematical object, such as a polynomial, a logical formula, or a relational database schema. The primary goal of normálforma is to eliminate redundancy and ambiguity, making the object easier to understand, manipulate, and analyze.

In the context of database design, normálforma is used to organize data efficiently. There are several levels of normálforma, including first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), third normal form (3NF), and Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF), among others. Each level has specific rules that must be followed to achieve the desired level of normalization. For instance, 1NF requires that the table contains only atomic (indivisible) values and that each column contains values of a single type. 2NF builds on 1NF by ensuring that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key. 3NF further refines 2NF by eliminating transitive dependencies.

In logic, normálforma refers to the process of converting a logical formula into a standard structure that facilitates analysis and proof. Common normálformák include conjunctive normal form (CNF) and disjunctive normal form (DNF). CNF is a conjunction (AND) of clauses, where each clause is a disjunction (OR) of literals. DNF, on the other hand, is a disjunction of clauses, where each clause is a conjunction of literals.

Overall, the concept of normálforma is fundamental in various fields, providing a systematic approach to simplifying and standardizing complex objects.